The Best Gluten-free Fudgy Brownies (dairy-free)

or 1 cup ( 125 grams ) buckwheat flour, or 1 cup ( 138 grams ) bob ' s red mill gluten - free 1 - to - 1 baking flour, or a similar mix, or 1 cup ( 125 grams ) whole wheat flour for all - purpose flour or a non - gf version

sifted if lumpy, you could also use hershey's special dark cocoa powder

tablespoons, or coconut oil, melted and cooled slightly, use coconut oil for a dairy-free version, or 3/4 cup + 2 tablespoons canola oil or another neutral-tasting oil

raw sugar, or coconut sugar

large, out of shell ,, room temperature

use dairy-free chocolate chips for a dairy-free version, + an additional 1/4 cup, to sprinkle on top, if desired, i used mini chocolate chips on top