Salted Caramel-Filled Coffee Cookies

Name: Salted Caramel-Filled Coffee Cookies
Prep time: 40 min
Cook time: 12 min
Total time: 52 min
Cuisine: American
Ingredients: 1 stick butter (113 grams); 1 1/3 cup all-purpose flour (175 grams); 2 teaspoons espresso powder (or more for a more intense flavor); 1/2 teaspoon baking soda; 1/2 teaspoon baking powder; 1/4 teaspoon salt; 1/4 cup granulated sugar (50 grams); 1/2 cup muscovado or brown sugar (100 grams); 1 large egg, at room temperature; 1/2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract; 1 cup bittersweet chocolate chunks (if desired, 175 grams); 13 salted caramel candies, see below; 1 14-ounce can sweetened condensed milk (400 grams); 1/2 cup granulated sugar (100 grams); 1/4 cup syrup (70 grams, light syrup, honey, corn syrup, or the like); 1 1/2 teaspoon vanilla paste (or 1 vanilla bean); 1-2 teaspoons sea salt (to taste)