Spicy Braised Tofu (Dubu Jorim)

Name: Spicy Braised Tofu (Dubu Jorim)
Cuisine: Asian, Korean
Ingredients: 1 package tofu (15 to 16 ounces); 1 scallion; 1/4 medium onion; 2 to 3 mushroom caps - optional; 1 small green or red chili pepper - optional; 2 tablespoons gochugaru (Korean red chili pepper flakes (use less for a milder dish)); 1 teaspoon gochujang (Korean red chili pepper paste); 2 tablespoons soy sauce; 2 teaspoons liquid from salted shrimp (or use 1 more tablespoon soy sauce); 1 tablespoon corn syrup or Korean oligodang (or 1/2 tablespoon sugar); 1 tablespoon garlic; 1 cup water or anchovy broth; 2 tablespoons perilla oil or sesame oil; 1/4 teaspoon sesame seeds